Gait testing (C sign, Figure 1A; gait analysis, Figure 1B)
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Standing
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Antalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, pelvic wink (rotation of more than 40 degrees in the axial plane toward the affected hip when terminally extending the hip), excessive pronation or supination of the ankles, and limps caused by differing leg lengths
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Hip labral tear, transient synovitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, SCFE
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Modified Trendelenburg test (Figure 1C)
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Single leg stance phase
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Standing
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2-cm drop in the level of the iliac crest, indicating weakness on the contralateral side
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Hip labral tear, transient synovitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, SCFE
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ROM testing (Figure 2)
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Supine, lateral, or sitting
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Pain with passive ROM, limited ROM
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Pain with passive ROM: Transient synovitis, septic arthritis
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Limited ROM: Loose bodies, chondral lesions, osteoarthritis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, osteonecrosis
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FABER test (Figure 3)
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Patrick test
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Supine
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Posterior pain localized to the sacroiliac joint, lumbar spine, or posterior hip; groin pain with the test is sensitive for intra-articular pathology
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Hip labral tear, loose bodies, chondral lesions, femoral acetabular impingement, osteoarthritis, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, iliopsoas bursitis
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FADIR test (Figure 4)
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Impingement test
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Supine
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Pain
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Hip labral tear, loose bodies, chondral lesions, femoral acetabular impingement
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Log roll test (Figure 5)
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Passive supine rotation, Freiberg test
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Supine
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Restricted movement, pain
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Piriformis syndrome, SCFE
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Straight leg raise against resistance test (Figure 6)
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Stinchfield test
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Supine
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Weakness to resistance, pain
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Athletic pubalgia (sports hernia), SCFE, femoral acetabular impingement
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Ober test (eFigure B)
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Passive adduction
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Lateral
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Passive adduction past midline cannot be achieved
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External snapping hip, greater trochanteric pain syndrome
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